diff --git a/app/integrated_platform.pro b/app/integrated_platform.pro
index 819eec2..a4949a2 100644
--- a/app/integrated_platform.pro
+++ b/app/integrated_platform.pro
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     src/domain/register_monitor_model.cpp \
     src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     src/domain/runtime_state.cpp \
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     src/domain/register_monitor_model.h \
     src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     src/domain/project_model.h \
     src/domain/runtime_state.h \
diff --git a/app/src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp b/app/src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..963ca3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+#include "hmi_control_registry.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+
+namespace {
+
+constexpr std::array kControlDescriptors = {
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::Button,
+     "button",
+     "按钮",
+     "button",
+     "按钮",
+     {0, 0, 120, 40},
+     HmiBindingKind::Bit,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::Bit,
+     true},
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::Indicator,
+     "indicator",
+     "指示灯",
+     "indicator",
+     "指示灯",
+     {0, 0, 64, 64},
+     HmiBindingKind::Bit,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::Bit,
+     true},
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::NumericDisplay,
+     "numericDisplay",
+     "数值显示",
+     "numeric-display",
+     "数值显示",
+     {0, 0, 120, 40},
+     HmiBindingKind::Word,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::Word,
+     true},
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::NumericInput,
+     "numericInput",
+     "数值输入",
+     "numeric-input",
+     "数值输入",
+     {0, 0, 120, 40},
+     HmiBindingKind::Word,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::Word,
+     true},
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::Label,
+     "label",
+     "文本",
+     "label",
+     "文本",
+     {0, 0, 120, 40},
+     HmiBindingKind::None,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::None,
+     false},
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::PageJump,
+     "pageJump",
+     "页面跳转",
+     "page-jump",
+     "页面跳转",
+     {0, 0, 120, 40},
+     HmiBindingKind::None,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::None,
+     false},
+    HmiControlDescriptor{HmiControlType::AlarmList,
+     "alarmList",
+     "报警列表",
+     "alarm-list",
+     "报警信息",
+     {0, 0, 360, 180},
+     HmiBindingKind::None,
+     HmiRuntimeValueKind::None,
+     false}
+};
+
+static_assert(
+    kControlDescriptors.size()
+        == static_cast<std::size_t>(HmiControlType::Count),
+    "每个 HMI 控件类型都必须注册描述");
+
+} // namespace
+
+const HmiControlDescriptor *findHmiControlDescriptor(HmiControlType type)
+{
+    const auto descriptor = std::find_if(
+        kControlDescriptors.cbegin(),
+        kControlDescriptors.cend(),
+        [type](const HmiControlDescriptor &candidate)
+        {
+            return candidate.type == type;
+        });
+    return descriptor == kControlDescriptors.cend() ? nullptr : &*descriptor;
+}
+
+const HmiControlDescriptor *findHmiControlDescriptor(
+    std::string_view storage_name)
+{
+    const auto descriptor = std::find_if(
+        kControlDescriptors.cbegin(),
+        kControlDescriptors.cend(),
+        [storage_name](const HmiControlDescriptor &candidate)
+        {
+            return storage_name == candidate.storageName;
+        });
+    return descriptor == kControlDescriptors.cend() ? nullptr : &*descriptor;
+}
+
+std::optional<RegisterArea> hmiBindingArea(HmiBindingKind binding_kind)
+{
+    switch (binding_kind)
+    {
+    case HmiBindingKind::Bit:
+    {
+        return RegisterArea::M;
+    }
+    case HmiBindingKind::Word:
+    {
+        return RegisterArea::D;
+    }
+    case HmiBindingKind::None:
+    default:
+    {
+        return std::nullopt;
+    }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h b/app/src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b5bfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+/**
+ * @file hmi_control_registry.h
+ * @brief 定义 HMI 控件公共描述及查询接口
+ * @author suyu
+ * @date 2026-08-17
+ */
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "hmi_model.h"
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string_view>
+
+/**
+ * @brief 控件允许绑定的寄存器数据类型
+ */
+enum class HmiBindingKind
+{
+    None,
+    Bit,
+    Word
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief 控件运行态读取的值类型
+ */
+enum class HmiRuntimeValueKind
+{
+    None,
+    Bit,
+    Word
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief 保存一种 HMI 控件的稳定名称、默认值和寄存器能力
+ */
+struct HmiControlDescriptor
+{
+    HmiControlType type;
+    const char *storageName;
+    const char *displayName;
+    const char *idPrefix;
+    const char *defaultText;
+    HmiRect defaultBounds;
+    HmiBindingKind bindingKind;
+    HmiRuntimeValueKind runtimeValueKind;
+    bool requiresBindingForRunning;
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief 按领域类型查找控件描述
+ * @return 找到时返回描述指针，不支持的类型返回 nullptr
+ */
+const HmiControlDescriptor *findHmiControlDescriptor(HmiControlType type);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 按工程文件中的稳定类型名查找控件描述
+ * @return 找到时返回描述指针，未知名称返回 nullptr
+ */
+const HmiControlDescriptor *findHmiControlDescriptor(
+    std::string_view storage_name);
+
+/**
+ * @brief 返回绑定类型要求的寄存器区域
+ * @return 不支持寄存器绑定时返回空值
+ */
+std::optional<RegisterArea> hmiBindingArea(HmiBindingKind binding_kind);
diff --git a/app/src/domain/hmi_model.cpp b/app/src/domain/hmi_model.cpp
index 202f5a2..ed30dee 100644
--- a/app/src/domain/hmi_model.cpp
+++ b/app/src/domain/hmi_model.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "hmi_model.h"
 
+#include "hmi_control_registry.h"
+
 #include <algorithm>
 
 namespace {
@@ -13,44 +15,12 @@ void setError(std::string *error, const std::string &message)
     }
 }
 
-// 判断控件是否必须绑定 M 区位地址
-bool requiresBitBinding(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    return type == HmiControlType::Button || type == HmiControlType::Indicator;
-}
-
-// 判断控件是否必须绑定 D 区字地址
-bool requiresWordBinding(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    return type == HmiControlType::NumericDisplay || type == HmiControlType::NumericInput;
-}
-
-bool supportsRegisterBinding(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    return requiresBitBinding(type) || requiresWordBinding(type);
-}
-
-bool isSupportedControlType(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case HmiControlType::Button:
-    case HmiControlType::Indicator:
-    case HmiControlType::NumericDisplay:
-    case HmiControlType::NumericInput:
-    case HmiControlType::Label:
-    case HmiControlType::PageJump:
-    case HmiControlType::AlarmList:
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
 } // namespace
 
 bool HmiControl::validate(std::string *error) const
 {
-    if (!isSupportedControlType(type))
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = findHmiControlDescriptor(type);
+    if (descriptor == nullptr)
     {
         setError(error, "不支持的 HMI 控件类型");
         return false;
@@ -73,32 +43,31 @@ bool HmiControl::validate(std::string *error) const
             return false;
         }
     }
-    if (requiresBitBinding(type))
+    const std::optional<RegisterArea> binding_area =
+        hmiBindingArea(descriptor->bindingKind);
+    if (binding.has_value() && !binding_area.has_value())
     {
-        if (binding.has_value() && binding->area() != RegisterArea::M)
+        setError(error, "文本、页面跳转和报警列表控件不能绑定寄存器");
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (binding.has_value() && binding_area.has_value()
+        && binding->area() != *binding_area)
+    {
+        if (descriptor->bindingKind == HmiBindingKind::Bit)
         {
             setError(error, "按钮和指示灯必须绑定 M 区地址");
-            return false;
         }
-    }
-    if (requiresWordBinding(type))
-    {
-        if (binding.has_value() && binding->area() != RegisterArea::D)
+        else
         {
             setError(error, "数值控件必须绑定 D 区地址");
-            return false;
         }
+        return false;
     }
     if (binding.has_value() && !binding->isValid())
     {
         setError(error, "HMI 控件绑定了无效地址");
         return false;
     }
-    if (!supportsRegisterBinding(type) && binding.has_value())
-    {
-        setError(error, "文本、页面跳转和报警列表控件不能绑定寄存器");
-        return false;
-    }
     if (type == HmiControlType::PageJump)
     {
         if (!pageJump.has_value())
@@ -117,7 +86,13 @@ bool HmiControl::validate(std::string *error) const
 
 bool HmiControl::isConfigured() const
 {
-    if (type == HmiControlType::Label || type == HmiControlType::AlarmList)
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = findHmiControlDescriptor(type);
+    if (descriptor == nullptr)
+    {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!descriptor->requiresBindingForRunning
+        && type != HmiControlType::PageJump)
     {
         return true;
     }
@@ -125,15 +100,15 @@ bool HmiControl::isConfigured() const
     {
         return pageJump.has_value() && !pageJump->targetPageId.empty();
     }
-    if (!binding.has_value() || !binding->isValid())
+    if (!descriptor->requiresBindingForRunning
+        || !binding.has_value()
+        || !binding->isValid())
     {
         return false;
     }
-    if (requiresBitBinding(type))
-    {
-        return binding->area() == RegisterArea::M;
-    }
-    return !requiresWordBinding(type) || binding->area() == RegisterArea::D;
+    const std::optional<RegisterArea> binding_area =
+        hmiBindingArea(descriptor->bindingKind);
+    return binding_area.has_value() && binding->area() == *binding_area;
 }
 
 bool HmiPage::validate(std::string *error) const
diff --git a/app/src/domain/hmi_model.h b/app/src/domain/hmi_model.h
index 395aa3f..69e48da 100644
--- a/app/src/domain/hmi_model.h
+++ b/app/src/domain/hmi_model.h
@@ -43,7 +43,8 @@ enum class HmiControlType
     NumericInput,            // 数值输入
     Label,                   // 标签
     PageJump,                // 页面跳转
-    AlarmList                // 报警列表
+    AlarmList,               // 报警列表
+    Count                    // 已注册控件类型数量，不作为实际控件使用
 };
 
 /**
diff --git a/app/src/infrastructure/json_project_storage.cpp b/app/src/infrastructure/json_project_storage.cpp
index 2d57cfc..49079ac 100644
--- a/app/src/infrastructure/json_project_storage.cpp
+++ b/app/src/infrastructure/json_project_storage.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "json_project_storage.h"
 
+#include "domain/hmi_control_registry.h"
+
 #include <QFile>
 #include <QJsonArray>
 #include <QJsonDocument>
@@ -392,81 +394,24 @@ bool parseWordOperand(
 // 将 HMI 控件类型枚举转换为工程文件中的稳定字符串
 QString hmiControlTypeName(HmiControlType type)
 {
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case HmiControlType::Button:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("button");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Indicator:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("indicator");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericDisplay:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("numericDisplay");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericInput:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("numericInput");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Label:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("label");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::PageJump:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("pageJump");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::AlarmList:
-    {
-        return QStringLiteral("alarmList");
-    }
-    default:
-    {
-        return {};
-    }
-    }
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = findHmiControlDescriptor(type);
+    return descriptor == nullptr
+        ? QString{}
+        : QString::fromLatin1(descriptor->storageName);
 }
 
 // 将工程文件中的控件类型字符串转换为 HMI 控件类型枚举
 bool parseHmiControlType(
     const std::string &value, HmiControlType *type, ParseState *state)
 {
-    if (value == "button")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::Button;
-    }
-    else if (value == "indicator")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::Indicator;
-    }
-    else if (value == "numericDisplay")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::NumericDisplay;
-    }
-    else if (value == "numericInput")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::NumericInput;
-    }
-    else if (value == "label")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::Label;
-    }
-    else if (value == "pageJump")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::PageJump;
-    }
-    else if (value == "alarmList")
-    {
-        *type = HmiControlType::AlarmList;
-    }
-    else
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = findHmiControlDescriptor(value);
+    if (descriptor == nullptr)
     {
         return state->fail(
             ProjectStorageError::InvalidField,
             "不支持的 HMI 控件类型：" + value);
     }
+    *type = descriptor->type;
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.cpp b/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.cpp
index 0ab8c6f..6100056 100644
--- a/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.cpp
+++ b/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "hmi_editor_service.h"
 
+#include "domain/hmi_control_registry.h"
 #include "project_service.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
@@ -17,84 +18,6 @@ void setError(std::string *error, const std::string &message)
     }
 }
 
-std::string controlPrefix(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case HmiControlType::Button:
-    {
-        return "button";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Indicator:
-    {
-        return "indicator";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericDisplay:
-    {
-        return "numeric-display";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericInput:
-    {
-        return "numeric-input";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Label:
-    {
-        return "label";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::PageJump:
-    {
-        return "page-jump";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::AlarmList:
-    {
-        return "alarm-list";
-    }
-    default:
-    {
-        return "control";
-    }
-    }
-}
-
-std::string defaultText(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case HmiControlType::Button:
-    {
-        return "按钮";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Indicator:
-    {
-        return "指示灯";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericDisplay:
-    {
-        return "数值显示";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericInput:
-    {
-        return "数值输入";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Label:
-    {
-        return "文本";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::PageJump:
-    {
-        return "页面跳转";
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::AlarmList:
-    {
-        return "报警信息";
-    }
-    default:
-    {
-        return "控件";
-    }
-    }
-}
-
 HmiEditorResult failure(HmiEditorError error, const std::string &message)
 {
     return {false, error, message, {}};
@@ -351,9 +274,14 @@ HmiEditorResult HmiEditorService::addControl(
     {
         return failure(HmiEditorError::PageNotFound, "未找到 HMI 页面");
     }
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = findHmiControlDescriptor(type);
+    if (descriptor == nullptr)
+    {
+        return failure(HmiEditorError::InvalidControl, "不支持的 HMI 控件类型");
+    }
 
     // 新控件初始不绑定寄存器，避免自动分配地址造成误写风险
-    HmiControl control = makeControl(*page, type);
+    HmiControl control = makeControl(*page, *descriptor);
     Project &project = project_service_.editProject();
     auto target_page = std::find_if(
         project.hmiPages.begin(),
@@ -484,27 +412,11 @@ HmiEditorResult HmiEditorService::updateControl(
 bool HmiEditorService::validateEditableControl(
     const HmiPage &page, const HmiControl &control, std::string *error) const
 {
-    switch (control.type)
-    {
-    case HmiControlType::Button:
-    case HmiControlType::Indicator:
-    case HmiControlType::NumericDisplay:
-    case HmiControlType::NumericInput:
-    case HmiControlType::Label:
-    case HmiControlType::PageJump:
-    case HmiControlType::AlarmList:
-        break;
-    default:
-        setError(error, "不支持的 HMI 控件类型");
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (control.id.empty())
+    if (!control.validate(error))
     {
-        setError(error, "HMI 控件 ID 不能为空");
         return false;
     }
-    if (control.bounds.width <= 0 || control.bounds.height <= 0
-        || control.bounds.x < 0 || control.bounds.y < 0
+    if (control.bounds.x < 0 || control.bounds.y < 0
         || control.bounds.width > page.width || control.bounds.height > page.height
         || control.bounds.x > page.width - control.bounds.width
         || control.bounds.y > page.height - control.bounds.height)
@@ -512,60 +424,11 @@ bool HmiEditorService::validateEditableControl(
         setError(error, "HMI 控件不能超出页面范围");
         return false;
     }
-    for (const auto &property : control.properties)
-    {
-        if (property.first.empty())
-        {
-            setError(error, "HMI 控件属性名称不能为空");
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    if (control.binding.has_value() && !control.binding->isValid())
-    {
-        setError(error, "HMI 控件绑定了无效地址");
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (control.binding.has_value()
-        && (control.type == HmiControlType::Button
-            || control.type == HmiControlType::Indicator)
-        && control.binding->area() != RegisterArea::M)
-    {
-        setError(error, "按钮和指示灯必须绑定 M 区地址");
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (control.binding.has_value()
-        && (control.type == HmiControlType::NumericDisplay
-            || control.type == HmiControlType::NumericInput)
-        && control.binding->area() != RegisterArea::D)
-    {
-        setError(error, "数值控件必须绑定 D 区地址");
-        return false;
-    }
-    if ((control.type == HmiControlType::Label
-         || control.type == HmiControlType::PageJump
-         || control.type == HmiControlType::AlarmList)
-        && control.binding.has_value())
-    {
-        setError(error, "文本、页面跳转和报警列表控件不能绑定寄存器");
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (control.type == HmiControlType::PageJump)
-    {
-        if (!control.pageJump.has_value())
-        {
-            setError(error, "页面跳转控件缺少跳转配置");
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (!control.pageJump->targetPageId.empty()
-            && findPage(control.pageJump->targetPageId) == nullptr)
-        {
-            setError(error, "页面跳转控件的目标页面不存在");
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-    else if (control.pageJump.has_value())
+    if (control.type == HmiControlType::PageJump
+        && !control.pageJump->targetPageId.empty()
+        && findPage(control.pageJump->targetPageId) == nullptr)
     {
-        setError(error, "非页面跳转控件不能包含跳转配置");
+        setError(error, "页面跳转控件的目标页面不存在");
         return false;
     }
     return true;
@@ -586,23 +449,15 @@ bool HmiEditorService::hasDuplicateControlId(
 
 // 根据控件类型生成默认样式、文字、大小、初始坐标
 HmiControl HmiEditorService::makeControl(
-    const HmiPage &page, HmiControlType type)
+    const HmiPage &page, const HmiControlDescriptor &descriptor)
 {
     HmiControl control;
-    control.id = makeUniqueId(page, controlPrefix(type));
-    control.type = type;
-    control.text = defaultText(type);
-    if (type == HmiControlType::AlarmList)
-    {
-        control.bounds.width = std::min(360, page.width);
-        control.bounds.height = std::min(180, page.height);
-    }
-    else
-    {
-        control.bounds.width = type == HmiControlType::Indicator ? 64 : 120;
-        control.bounds.height = type == HmiControlType::Indicator ? 64 : 40;
-    }
-    if (type == HmiControlType::PageJump)
+    control.id = makeUniqueId(page, descriptor.idPrefix);
+    control.type = descriptor.type;
+    control.text = descriptor.defaultText;
+    control.bounds.width = std::min(descriptor.defaultBounds.width, page.width);
+    control.bounds.height = std::min(descriptor.defaultBounds.height, page.height);
+    if (descriptor.type == HmiControlType::PageJump)
     {
         control.pageJump = HmiPageJumpConfig{};
     }
diff --git a/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.h b/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.h
index ba739ec..b831aeb 100644
--- a/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.h
+++ b/app/src/services/hmi_editor_service.h
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include <string>
 
 class ProjectService;
+struct HmiControlDescriptor;
 
 /**
  * @brief HMI 编辑操作的失败分类
@@ -158,7 +159,7 @@ private:
      * @return 未绑定寄存器的默认控件配置
      */
     static HmiControl makeControl(
-        const HmiPage &page, HmiControlType type);
+        const HmiPage &page, const HmiControlDescriptor &descriptor);
     /**
      * @brief 在页面内生成带指定前缀的唯一控件标识
      * @param page 待检查页面
diff --git a/app/src/services/hmi_runtime_service.cpp b/app/src/services/hmi_runtime_service.cpp
index 291b3ab..198193f 100644
--- a/app/src/services/hmi_runtime_service.cpp
+++ b/app/src/services/hmi_runtime_service.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 #include "hmi_runtime_service.h"
 
+#include "domain/hmi_control_registry.h"
+
 namespace {
 
 HmiRuntimeReadResult readFailure(HmiRuntimeError error)
@@ -12,17 +14,6 @@ HmiRuntimeWriteResult writeFailure(HmiRuntimeError error)
     return {false, error};
 }
 
-bool isBitControl(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    return type == HmiControlType::Button || type == HmiControlType::Indicator;
-}
-
-bool isWordControl(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    return type == HmiControlType::NumericDisplay
-        || type == HmiControlType::NumericInput;
-}
-
 } // namespace
 
 HmiRuntimeService::HmiRuntimeService(RegisterRepository &repository)
@@ -32,8 +23,10 @@ HmiRuntimeService::HmiRuntimeService(RegisterRepository &repository)
 
 HmiRuntimeReadResult HmiRuntimeService::readControl(const HmiControl &control) const
 {
-    // 标签等静态控件不参与寄存器读写
-    if (!isBitControl(control.type) && !isWordControl(control.type))
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor =
+        findHmiControlDescriptor(control.type);
+    if (descriptor == nullptr
+        || descriptor->runtimeValueKind == HmiRuntimeValueKind::None)
     {
         return readFailure(HmiRuntimeError::UnsupportedControl);
     }
@@ -45,7 +38,16 @@ HmiRuntimeReadResult HmiRuntimeService::readControl(const HmiControl &control) c
     {
         return readFailure(HmiRuntimeError::InvalidBinding);
     }
-    if (isBitControl(control.type))
+    const std::optional<RegisterArea> binding_area =
+        hmiBindingArea(descriptor->bindingKind);
+    if (!binding_area.has_value() || control.binding->area() != *binding_area)
+    {
+        return readFailure(HmiRuntimeError::InvalidBinding);
+    }
+
+    switch (descriptor->runtimeValueKind)
+    {
+    case HmiRuntimeValueKind::Bit:
     {
         // 按控件类型选择仓库的 M 位读取契约
         const BitReadResult result = repository_.readBit(*control.binding);
@@ -55,7 +57,7 @@ HmiRuntimeReadResult HmiRuntimeService::readControl(const HmiControl &control) c
         }
         return {true, HmiRuntimeError::None, result.value, 0};
     }
-    if (isWordControl(control.type))
+    case HmiRuntimeValueKind::Word:
     {
         const WordReadResult result = repository_.readWord(*control.binding);
         if (!result.succeeded)
@@ -64,7 +66,12 @@ HmiRuntimeReadResult HmiRuntimeService::readControl(const HmiControl &control) c
         }
         return {true, HmiRuntimeError::None, false, result.value};
     }
-    return readFailure(HmiRuntimeError::UnsupportedControl);
+    case HmiRuntimeValueKind::None:
+    default:
+    {
+        return readFailure(HmiRuntimeError::UnsupportedControl);
+    }
+    }
 }
 
 HmiRuntimeWriteResult HmiRuntimeService::operateButton(
diff --git a/app/src/ui/property_panel_controller.cpp b/app/src/ui/property_panel_controller.cpp
index 2d5ebb8..cf4d472 100644
--- a/app/src/ui/property_panel_controller.cpp
+++ b/app/src/ui/property_panel_controller.cpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "property_panel_controller.h"
 
+#include "domain/hmi_control_registry.h"
 #include "hmi_editor_widget.h"
 #include "logic_editor_widget.h"
 #include "logic_instruction_dialog.h"
@@ -33,45 +34,6 @@ std::string toUtf8(const QString &value)
     return std::string(bytes.constData(), static_cast<std::size_t>(bytes.size()));
 }
 
-QString controlTypeText(HmiControlType type)
-{
-    switch (type)
-    {
-    case HmiControlType::Button:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("按钮");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Indicator:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("指示灯");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericDisplay:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("数值显示");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::NumericInput:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("数值输入");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::Label:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("文本");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::PageJump:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("页面跳转");
-    }
-    case HmiControlType::AlarmList:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("报警列表");
-    }
-    default:
-    {
-        return QObject::tr("未知控件");
-    }
-    }
-}
-
 } // namespace
 
 PropertyPanelController::PropertyPanelController(
@@ -174,6 +136,8 @@ void PropertyPanelController::showControlProperties(const std::string &control_i
     const HmiControl *control = hmi_editor_service_.findControl(
         current_page_id_(), control_id);
     const bool has_control = control != nullptr;
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = has_control
+        ? findHmiControlDescriptor(control->type) : nullptr;
     ui_.selectionValueLabel->setText(
         has_control ? fromUtf8(control->id)
                           + (control->isConfigured() ? QString{}
@@ -219,9 +183,8 @@ void PropertyPanelController::showControlProperties(const std::string &control_i
         : control->binding->area() == RegisterArea::M ? 1 : 2);
     ui_.bindingIndexSpinBox->setValue(
         control->binding.has_value() ? control->binding->index() : 0);
-    const bool has_binding = control->type != HmiControlType::Label
-        && control->type != HmiControlType::PageJump
-        && control->type != HmiControlType::AlarmList;
+    const bool has_binding = descriptor != nullptr
+        && descriptor->bindingKind != HmiBindingKind::None;
     ui_.bindingAreaLabel->setVisible(has_binding);
     ui_.bindingAreaComboBox->setVisible(has_binding);
     ui_.bindingIndexLabel->setVisible(has_binding);
@@ -434,7 +397,11 @@ void PropertyPanelController::addHmiControl(HmiControlType type)
     hmi_editor_widget_->selectControl(result.id);
     showControlProperties(result.id);
     refresh_project_ui_();
-    status_reporter_(QObject::tr("已添加%1").arg(controlTypeText(type)), 3000);
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor = findHmiControlDescriptor(type);
+    const QString display_name = descriptor == nullptr
+        ? QObject::tr("未知控件")
+        : QString::fromUtf8(descriptor->displayName);
+    status_reporter_(QObject::tr("已添加%1").arg(display_name), 3000);
 }
 
 void PropertyPanelController::deleteSelectedControl()
@@ -471,9 +438,10 @@ void PropertyPanelController::applySelectedControlProperties()
     control.bounds.y = ui_.controlYSpinBox->value();
     control.bounds.width = ui_.controlWidthSpinBox->value();
     control.bounds.height = ui_.controlHeightSpinBox->value();
-    if (control.type == HmiControlType::Label
-        || control.type == HmiControlType::PageJump
-        || control.type == HmiControlType::AlarmList)
+    const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor =
+        findHmiControlDescriptor(control.type);
+    if (descriptor == nullptr
+        || descriptor->bindingKind == HmiBindingKind::None)
     {
         control.binding.reset();
     }
diff --git a/app/tests/alarm_service_tests.pro b/app/tests/alarm_service_tests.pro
index 88e78e7..21f2bf0 100644
--- a/app/tests/alarm_service_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/alarm_service_tests.pro
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/services/project_service.cpp \
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_storage.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/domain_tests.cpp b/app/tests/domain_tests.cpp
index 554e942..1b42271 100644
--- a/app/tests/domain_tests.cpp
+++ b/app/tests/domain_tests.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "domain/control_logic_model.h"
+#include "domain/hmi_control_registry.h"
 #include "domain/hmi_model.h"
 #include "domain/project_model.h"
 #include "domain/register_address.h"
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <exception>
 #include <iostream>
+#include <set>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
 
@@ -76,6 +78,92 @@ void testRegisterRepositorySeparatesAreas()
             "M address must not be read as a word");
 }
 
+void testHmiControlRegistryCompleteness()
+{
+    std::set<const HmiControlDescriptor *> descriptors;
+    std::set<std::string> storage_names;
+    std::set<std::string> id_prefixes;
+    const std::size_t control_type_count =
+        static_cast<std::size_t>(HmiControlType::Count);
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < control_type_count; ++index)
+    {
+        const HmiControlType type = static_cast<HmiControlType>(index);
+        const HmiControlDescriptor *descriptor =
+            findHmiControlDescriptor(type);
+        require(descriptor != nullptr,
+                "every HMI control type must have one descriptor");
+        require(descriptor->type == type,
+                "HMI type lookup must return the requested descriptor");
+        require(descriptors.emplace(descriptor).second,
+                "each HMI control type must resolve to a different descriptor");
+        require(descriptor->storageName != nullptr
+                    && descriptor->storageName[0] != '\0',
+                "HMI storage names must not be empty");
+        require(descriptor->displayName != nullptr
+                    && descriptor->displayName[0] != '\0',
+                "HMI display names must not be empty");
+        require(descriptor->idPrefix != nullptr
+                    && descriptor->idPrefix[0] != '\0',
+                "HMI id prefixes must not be empty");
+        require(descriptor->defaultText != nullptr,
+                "HMI default text must not be null");
+        require(descriptor->defaultBounds.width > 0
+                    && descriptor->defaultBounds.height > 0,
+                "HMI default bounds must have a positive size");
+        require(findHmiControlDescriptor(descriptor->storageName) == descriptor,
+                "HMI storage name lookup must return its registered descriptor");
+        require(storage_names.emplace(descriptor->storageName).second,
+                "HMI storage names must be unique");
+        require(id_prefixes.emplace(descriptor->idPrefix).second,
+                "HMI id prefixes must be unique");
+
+        const std::optional<RegisterArea> binding_area =
+            hmiBindingArea(descriptor->bindingKind);
+        switch (descriptor->runtimeValueKind)
+        {
+        case HmiRuntimeValueKind::Bit:
+        {
+            require(descriptor->bindingKind == HmiBindingKind::Bit
+                        && binding_area == RegisterArea::M,
+                    "bit runtime controls must bind to the M area");
+            break;
+        }
+        case HmiRuntimeValueKind::Word:
+        {
+            require(descriptor->bindingKind == HmiBindingKind::Word
+                        && binding_area == RegisterArea::D,
+                    "word runtime controls must bind to the D area");
+            break;
+        }
+        case HmiRuntimeValueKind::None:
+        {
+            require(descriptor->bindingKind == HmiBindingKind::None
+                        && !binding_area.has_value(),
+                    "static controls must not declare a register binding");
+            break;
+        }
+        }
+
+        require(descriptor->requiresBindingForRunning
+                    == (descriptor->runtimeValueKind
+                        != HmiRuntimeValueKind::None),
+                "runtime value controls must require a configured binding");
+    }
+
+    require(findHmiControlDescriptor(HmiControlType::Count) == nullptr,
+            "the HMI control count marker must not be registered");
+    require(findHmiControlDescriptor(static_cast<HmiControlType>(99)) == nullptr,
+            "unknown HMI control types must not resolve");
+    require(findHmiControlDescriptor("unknown") == nullptr,
+            "unknown HMI storage names must not resolve");
+    require(hmiBindingArea(HmiBindingKind::Bit) == RegisterArea::M,
+            "bit bindings must use the M area");
+    require(hmiBindingArea(HmiBindingKind::Word) == RegisterArea::D,
+            "word bindings must use the D area");
+    require(!hmiBindingArea(HmiBindingKind::None).has_value(),
+            "controls without bindings must not resolve a register area");
+}
+
 Project makeValidProject()
 {
     // 构造包含 HMI 绑定和完整梯形图网络的最小合法工程作为测试基线
@@ -584,6 +672,7 @@ int main()
         testRegisterAddressBoundaries();
         testRegisterAddressParsing();
         testRegisterRepositorySeparatesAreas();
+        testHmiControlRegistryCompleteness();
         testLogicNodeConfigurationBoundaries();
         testTimerAndCommentBoundaries();
         testTimerReferencesForRunning();
diff --git a/app/tests/domain_tests.pro b/app/tests/domain_tests.pro
index c0e4421..92b73d9 100644
--- a/app/tests/domain_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/domain_tests.pro
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.cpp
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.h
diff --git a/app/tests/hmi_editor_service_tests.pro b/app/tests/hmi_editor_service_tests.pro
index 02b8730..a4b74ab 100644
--- a/app/tests/hmi_editor_service_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/hmi_editor_service_tests.pro
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/services/project_service.cpp \
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_storage.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/logic_editor_service_tests.pro b/app/tests/logic_editor_service_tests.pro
index 21cdeb2..b566480 100644
--- a/app/tests/logic_editor_service_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/logic_editor_service_tests.pro
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/services/project_service.cpp \
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_storage.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/main_window_tests.pro b/app/tests/main_window_tests.pro
index a0d6c22..cd3444f 100644
--- a/app/tests/main_window_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/main_window_tests.pro
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_monitor_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.cpp \
@@ -63,6 +64,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_monitor_model.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_storage.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/offline_simulation_service_tests.pro b/app/tests/offline_simulation_service_tests.pro
index 5c5aca7..7fb4967 100644
--- a/app/tests/offline_simulation_service_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/offline_simulation_service_tests.pro
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_address.cpp \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/services/hmi_runtime_service.cpp \
     ../src/services/software_logic_executor.cpp \
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_address.h \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/services/hmi_runtime_service.h \
     ../src/services/software_logic_executor.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/plc_runtime_tests.pro b/app/tests/plc_runtime_tests.pro
index 9617525..6bf19cf 100644
--- a/app/tests/plc_runtime_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/plc_runtime_tests.pro
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_monitor_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.cpp \
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_monitor_model.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_storage.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/project_management_tests.pro b/app/tests/project_management_tests.pro
index 532a1f4..f7b1811 100644
--- a/app/tests/project_management_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/project_management_tests.pro
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.cpp \
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_repository.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.h \
diff --git a/app/tests/runtime_mode_service_tests.pro b/app/tests/runtime_mode_service_tests.pro
index 6ce7603..fc26a51 100644
--- a/app/tests/runtime_mode_service_tests.pro
+++ b/app/tests/runtime_mode_service_tests.pro
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ SOURCES += \
     ../src/domain/register_monitor_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.cpp \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.cpp \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/project_model.cpp \
     ../src/domain/runtime_state.cpp \
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ HEADERS += \
     ../src/domain/register_monitor_model.h \
     ../src/domain/alarm_model.h \
     ../src/domain/hmi_model.h \
+    ../src/domain/hmi_control_registry.h \
     ../src/domain/control_logic_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_model.h \
     ../src/domain/project_storage.h \