diff --git a/coil.cpp b/coil.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2ded01a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coil.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#include "coil.h"
+#include <QPainter>
+#include <QStyleOptionGraphicsItem>
+
+Coil::Coil(const QString &type) : Item(type)
+{
+
+}
+
+void Coil::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *)
+{
+        painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
+
+        if (type_ == "线圈") {
+            // 绘制线圈样式: 两边线段+中间椭圆
+            painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -5, 0);
+            painter->drawEllipse(QRectF(-5, -8, 10, 16));
+            painter->drawLine(5, 0, 12, 0);
+
+            // 画锚点
+            painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+            painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+            painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-12, 0), 4, 4);   // 左锚点
+            painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(12, 0), 4, 4);    // 右锚点
+        }
+            if (option->state & QStyle::State_Selected) {
+                QPen pen(Qt::DashLine);
+                pen.setColor(Qt::blue);
+                pen.setWidth(2);
+                painter->setPen(pen);
+                painter->setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
+                painter->drawRect(boundingRect());
+            }
+}
diff --git a/coil.h b/coil.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58db3b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/coil.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef COIL_H
+#define COIL_H
+#include "item.h"
+
+class Coil : public Item
+{
+public:
+    Coil(const QString &type);
+    void paint(QPainter *painter,
+               const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
+               QWidget *) override;
+};
+
+#endif // COIL_H
diff --git a/comparator.cpp b/comparator.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e1b5929
--- /dev/null
+++ b/comparator.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "comparator.h"
+#include <QPainter>
+#include <QStyleOptionGraphicsItem>
+
+Comparator::Comparator(const QString &type) : Item(type)
+{
+
+}
+
+void Comparator::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *)
+{
+    painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
+    if (type_ == "比较") {
+        painter->drawRect(QRectF(-12, -8, 24, 16));
+        painter->setFont(QFont("Arial", 8));
+        painter->drawText(QRectF(-10, -8, 20, 16), Qt::AlignCenter, "CP");
+
+        // 锚点
+        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);
+        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);
+    }
+    if (option->state & QStyle::State_Selected) {
+        QPen pen(Qt::DashLine);
+        pen.setColor(Qt::blue);
+        pen.setWidth(2);
+        painter->setPen(pen);
+        painter->setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
+        painter->drawRect(boundingRect());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/comparator.h b/comparator.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..61f75bd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/comparator.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef COMPARATOR_H
+#define COMPARATOR_H
+#include "item.h"
+
+class Comparator : public Item
+{
+public:
+    Comparator(const QString &type);
+    void paint(QPainter *painter,
+               const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
+               QWidget *) override;
+};
+
+#endif // COMPARATOR_H
diff --git a/contact.cpp b/contact.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bf24eb4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contact.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#include "contact.h"
+#include <QPainter>
+#include <QStyleOptionGraphicsItem>
+
+Contact::Contact(const QString &type) : Item(type)
+{
+
+}
+
+void Contact::paint(QPainter *painter, const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option, QWidget *)
+{
+    painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
+    if (type_ == "常开") {
+        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -4, 0);
+        painter->drawLine(-4, -8, -4, 8);
+        painter->drawLine(4, -8, 4, 8);
+        painter->drawLine(4, 0, 12, 0);
+
+        // 锚点
+        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);   // 左
+        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);    // 右
+    }
+    else if (type_ == "常闭") {
+        painter->drawLine(-15, -10, 15, 10); // 对角线
+        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -4, 0);
+        painter->drawLine(-4, -8, -4, 8);
+        painter->drawLine(4, -8, 4, 8);
+        painter->drawLine(4, 0, 12, 0);
+
+        // 锚点
+        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);   // 左
+        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);    // 右
+    }
+      if (option->state & QStyle::State_Selected) {
+            QPen pen(Qt::DashLine);
+            pen.setColor(Qt::blue);
+            pen.setWidth(2);
+            painter->setPen(pen);
+            painter->setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
+            painter->drawRect(boundingRect());
+        }
+}
diff --git a/contact.h b/contact.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0cb77a6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contact.h
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+#ifndef CONTACT_H
+#define CONTACT_H
+#include "item.h"
+
+class Contact : public Item
+{
+public:
+    Contact(const QString &type);
+    void paint(QPainter *painter,
+               const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
+               QWidget *) override;
+};
+
+#endif // CONTACT_H
diff --git a/creatitem.cpp b/creatitem.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c9725ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/creatitem.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#include "creatitem.h"
+
+Item *creatItem(const QString &type)
+{
+    if (type == "常开") return new Contact(type);
+    if (type == "常闭") return new Contact(type);
+    if (type == "线圈") return new Coil(type);
+    if (type == "比较") return new Comparator(type);
+    return nullptr;
+}
diff --git a/creatitem.h b/creatitem.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d85eaea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/creatitem.h
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#ifndef CREATITEM_H
+#define CREATITEM_H
+#include "item.h"
+#include "coil.h"
+#include "contact.h"
+#include "comparator.h"
+
+Item* creatItem(const QString& type);
+
+#endif // CREATITEM_H
diff --git a/editor.pro b/editor.pro
index 40acd73..7793fcc 100644
--- a/editor.pro
+++ b/editor.pro
@@ -16,14 +16,22 @@ DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS
 #DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0
 
 SOURCES += \
+    coil.cpp \
+    comparator.cpp \
     connection.cpp \
+    contact.cpp \
+    creatitem.cpp \
     item.cpp \
     main.cpp \
     mainwindow.cpp \
     mygraphicsview.cpp
 
 HEADERS += \
+    coil.h \
+    comparator.h \
     connection.h \
+    contact.h \
+    creatitem.h \
     item.h \
     mainwindow.h \
     mygraphicsview.h
diff --git a/editor.pro.user b/editor.pro.user
index 0834988..0791f7a 100644
--- a/editor.pro.user
+++ b/editor.pro.user
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE QtCreatorProject>
-<!-- Written by QtCreator 4.11.1, 2025-08-06T13:12:15. -->
+<!-- Written by QtCreator 4.11.1, 2025-08-06T20:12:05. -->
 <qtcreator>
  <data>
   <variable>EnvironmentId</variable>
diff --git a/item.cpp b/item.cpp
index 01ca08d..6c493e4 100644
--- a/item.cpp
+++ b/item.cpp
@@ -18,69 +18,69 @@ QRectF Item::boundingRect() const
     return QRectF(-22, -15, 44, 30);
 }
 
-void Item::paint(QPainter *painter,
-                 const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem * option,
-                 QWidget *)
-{
-    painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
+//void Item::paint(QPainter *painter,
+//                 const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem * option,
+//                 QWidget *)
+//{
+//    painter->setRenderHint(QPainter::Antialiasing);
 
-    if (type_ == "线圈") {
-        // 绘制线圈样式: 两边线段+中间椭圆
-        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -5, 0);
-        painter->drawEllipse(QRectF(-5, -8, 10, 16));
-        painter->drawLine(5, 0, 12, 0);
+//    if (type_ == "线圈") {
+//        // 绘制线圈样式: 两边线段+中间椭圆
+//        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -5, 0);
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QRectF(-5, -8, 10, 16));
+//        painter->drawLine(5, 0, 12, 0);
 
-        // 画锚点
-        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
-        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-12, 0), 4, 4);   // 左锚点
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(12, 0), 4, 4);    // 右锚点
-    }
-    else if (type_ == "常开") {
-        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -4, 0);
-        painter->drawLine(-4, -8, -4, 8);
-        painter->drawLine(4, -8, 4, 8);
-        painter->drawLine(4, 0, 12, 0);
+//        // 画锚点
+//        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+//        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-12, 0), 4, 4);   // 左锚点
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(12, 0), 4, 4);    // 右锚点
+//    }
+//    else if (type_ == "常开") {
+//        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -4, 0);
+//        painter->drawLine(-4, -8, -4, 8);
+//        painter->drawLine(4, -8, 4, 8);
+//        painter->drawLine(4, 0, 12, 0);
 
-        // 锚点
-        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
-        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);   // 左
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);    // 右
-    }
-    else if (type_ == "常闭") {
-        painter->drawLine(-15, -10, 15, 10); // 对角线
-        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -4, 0);
-        painter->drawLine(-4, -8, -4, 8);
-        painter->drawLine(4, -8, 4, 8);
-        painter->drawLine(4, 0, 12, 0);
+//        // 锚点
+//        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+//        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);   // 左
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);    // 右
+//    }
+//    else if (type_ == "常闭") {
+//        painter->drawLine(-15, -10, 15, 10); // 对角线
+//        painter->drawLine(-12, 0, -4, 0);
+//        painter->drawLine(-4, -8, -4, 8);
+//        painter->drawLine(4, -8, 4, 8);
+//        painter->drawLine(4, 0, 12, 0);
 
-        // 锚点
-        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
-        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);   // 左
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);    // 右
-    }
-    else if (type_ == "比较") {
-        painter->drawRect(QRectF(-12, -8, 24, 16));
-        painter->setFont(QFont("Arial", 8));
-        painter->drawText(QRectF(-10, -8, 20, 16), Qt::AlignCenter, "CP");
+//        // 锚点
+//        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+//        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);   // 左
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);    // 右
+//    }
+//    else if (type_ == "比较") {
+//        painter->drawRect(QRectF(-12, -8, 24, 16));
+//        painter->setFont(QFont("Arial", 8));
+//        painter->drawText(QRectF(-10, -8, 20, 16), Qt::AlignCenter, "CP");
 
-        // 锚点
-        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
-        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);
-        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);
-    }
-    if (option->state & QStyle::State_Selected) {
-        QPen pen(Qt::DashLine);
-        pen.setColor(Qt::blue);
-        pen.setWidth(2);
-        painter->setPen(pen);
-        painter->setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
-        painter->drawRect(boundingRect());
-    }
-}
+//        // 锚点
+//        painter->setBrush(Qt::darkGray);
+//        painter->setPen(Qt::NoPen);
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(-18, 0), 4, 4);
+//        painter->drawEllipse(QPointF(18, 0), 4, 4);
+//    }
+//    if (option->state & QStyle::State_Selected) {
+//        QPen pen(Qt::DashLine);
+//        pen.setColor(Qt::blue);
+//        pen.setWidth(2);
+//        painter->setPen(pen);
+//        painter->setBrush(Qt::NoBrush);
+//        painter->drawRect(boundingRect());
+//    }
+//}
 
 QPointF Item::anchorPos(AnchorType type) const
 {
diff --git a/item.h b/item.h
index 900a31d..b33acae 100644
--- a/item.h
+++ b/item.h
@@ -15,9 +15,9 @@ public:
     explicit Item(const QString &type, QGraphicsItem *parent = nullptr);
 
     QRectF boundingRect() const override;
-    void paint(QPainter *painter,
-               const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
-               QWidget *widget) override;
+//    void paint(QPainter *painter,
+//               const QStyleOptionGraphicsItem *option,
+//               QWidget *widget) override;
 
     QPointF anchorPos(AnchorType type) const;
     void addConnection(Connection* conn);
@@ -32,8 +32,6 @@ signals:
 protected:
     QVariant itemChange(GraphicsItemChange change, const QVariant &value) override;
     void contextMenuEvent(QGraphicsSceneContextMenuEvent *event) override;
-
-private:
     QString type_;
     QList<Connection*> connections_;
 };
diff --git a/mainwindow.cpp b/mainwindow.cpp
index a3993c8..86f7f65 100644
--- a/mainwindow.cpp
+++ b/mainwindow.cpp
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <QDropEvent>
 #include <QGraphicsView>
 #include <QMessageBox>
+#include "creatitem.h"
 
 MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
     : QMainWindow(parent)
@@ -144,7 +145,7 @@ void MainWindow::on_pushButton_clicked()
        delete selectedConn;
 
        // 4. 插入新元件
-       Item* newItem = new Item(selectedComponentType);
+       Item* newItem = creatItem(selectedComponentType);
        newItem->setPos(insertPos);
        connect(newItem, &Item::requestCopy, ui->graphicsView, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestCopy);
        connect(newItem, &Item::requestDelete, ui->graphicsView, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestDelete);
diff --git a/mainwindow.ui b/mainwindow.ui
index 863f94c..aef3cbb 100644
--- a/mainwindow.ui
+++ b/mainwindow.ui
@@ -60,8 +60,32 @@
      <height>26</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
+   <widget class="QMenu" name="menu">
+    <property name="title">
+     <string>文件</string>
+    </property>
+    <addaction name="actionnew"/>
+    <addaction name="actionOpen"/>
+    <addaction name="actionSave"/>
+   </widget>
+   <addaction name="menu"/>
   </widget>
   <widget class="QStatusBar" name="statusbar"/>
+  <action name="actionnew">
+   <property name="text">
+    <string>New</string>
+   </property>
+  </action>
+  <action name="actionOpen">
+   <property name="text">
+    <string>Open</string>
+   </property>
+  </action>
+  <action name="actionSave">
+   <property name="text">
+    <string>Save</string>
+   </property>
+  </action>
  </widget>
  <customwidgets>
   <customwidget>
diff --git a/mygraphicsview.cpp b/mygraphicsview.cpp
index 86f6499..8b70786 100644
--- a/mygraphicsview.cpp
+++ b/mygraphicsview.cpp
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ void MyGraphicsView::dropEvent(QDropEvent *event)
     QString type = QString::fromUtf8(event->mimeData()->data("application/x-component"));
 
     QPointF scenePos = mapToScene(event->pos());
-    Item *item = new Item(type);
+    Item *item = creatItem(type);
     item->setPos(scenePos);
     connect(item, &Item::requestCopy, this, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestCopy);
     connect(item, &Item::requestDelete, this, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestDelete);
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ void MyGraphicsView::keyPressEvent(QKeyEvent *event)
         // Ctrl+V
         if (!clipboard_.input.isEmpty()) {
             QPointF center = mapToScene(viewport()->rect().center());
-            Item* newItem = new Item(clipboard_.input);
+            Item* newItem = creatItem(clipboard_.input);
             newItem->setPos(center);
             connect(newItem, &Item::requestCopy, this, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestCopy);
             connect(newItem, &Item::requestDelete, this, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestDelete);
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ void MyGraphicsView::contextMenuEvent(QContextMenuEvent *event)
         QAction* pasteAct = menu.addAction("粘贴");
         QAction* sel = menu.exec(event->globalPos());
         if (sel == pasteAct) {
-            Item* newItem = new Item(clipboard_.input);
+            Item* newItem = creatItem(clipboard_.input);
             newItem->setPos(scenePos);
             connect(newItem, &Item::requestCopy, this, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestCopy);
             connect(newItem, &Item::requestDelete, this, &MyGraphicsView::onItemRequestDelete);
diff --git a/mygraphicsview.h b/mygraphicsview.h
index 420a07f..614eef3 100644
--- a/mygraphicsview.h
+++ b/mygraphicsview.h
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <QMouseEvent>
 #include "item.h"
 #include "connection.h"
+#include "creatitem.h"
 
 class MyGraphicsView : public QGraphicsView
 {