TrainCamp_lipengpeng_Modbus/widget.cpp

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
#include <QSerialPortInfo>
#include <QDebug>
#include <QSerialPort>
#include <QByteArray>
#include <QString>
#include <QVector>
#include <QMessageBox>
#include "crc.h"

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    serialPort = new QSerialPort(this);

    connect(serialPort,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead);
    QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, [&]{
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "等待响应超时，请检查设备状态。");
        timer.stop();
    });

    ui->comboBox_baudRate->setCurrentIndex(3);
    ui->comboBox_dataBit->setCurrentIndex(3);
    ui->comboBox_xiaoyan->setCurrentIndex(2);

    ui->btn_read->setEnabled(0);
    ui->pushWrite->setEnabled(0);

    QList<QSerialPortInfo> serialList = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();
    for(QSerialPortInfo serialInfo : serialList)
    {
        ui->comboBox_serialNum->addItem(serialInfo.portName());
    }
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
}

//串口连接
void Widget::on_btnConnect_clicked()
{
    if (ui->btnConnect->text() == "连接")
    {
    //配置串口号
        serialPort->setPortName(ui->comboBox_serialNum->currentText());
    //配置波特率
        serialPort->setBaudRate(ui->comboBox_baudRate->currentText().toInt());
    //配置数据位
        serialPort->setDataBits(QSerialPort::DataBits(ui->comboBox_dataBit->currentText().toInt()));
    //配置校验位
        switch (ui->comboBox_xiaoyan->currentIndex())
        {
        case 0:
            serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::NoParity);
            break;
        case 1:
            serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::OddParity);
            break;
        case 2:
            serialPort->setParity(QSerialPort::EvenParity);
        }
    //配置停止位
        serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::StopBits(ui->comboBox_stopBit->currentText().toInt()));
    //打开串口
        if (serialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
        {
            qDebug() << "Serial open success";
            ui->btnConnect->setText("断开");
            ui->btn_read->setEnabled(1);
            ui->pushWrite->setEnabled(1);
        }
        else
        {
            qDebug() << "error";
        }
    }
    else
    {
        serialPort->close();
        ui->btn_read->setEnabled(0);
        ui->pushWrite->setEnabled(0);
        qDebug() << "Serial close";
        ui->btnConnect->setText("连接");
    }

}

//写线圈和写寄存器
void Widget::on_pushWrite_clicked()
{
    switch (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex())
    {
    case 2:   //写多个线圈
    {
    QString sendData = ui->lineEdit->text().trimmed();
    if (sendData.isEmpty())
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请至少输入一个数据，缺少的数据默认为0");
        return;
    }
    for (QChar ch : sendData) {
        if (ch != '0' && ch != '1') {
            QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "只允许输入 0 或 1！");
            return;
        }
    }

    QVector<bool> coils;
    for (QChar ch : sendData)
    {
        coils.append(ch == '1');
    }

    quint16 coilCount = coils.size();

    QByteArray SendCommand;  //要发送的报文
    SendCommand.append(ui->comboBox_stationAddress->currentText().toInt()%256);  //加入站地址
    SendCommand.append(0x0f);
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_stratAddress->text().toInt()/256);  //加入起始地址
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_stratAddress->text().toInt()%256);
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt()/256);        //加入长度
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt()%256);

    int byteCount = (coilCount + 7) / 8;

    SendCommand.append(byteCount);      //字节数
    for (int i = 0; i < byteCount; ++i)
    {
        quint8 byte = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < 8; ++j)
        {
            int bitIndex = i * 8 + j;
            if (bitIndex < coils.size() && coils[bitIndex])
                byte |= (1 << j);
        }
        SendCommand.append(static_cast<char>(byte));
    }


    quint16 temp = calculateCrc(SendCommand);  //计算crc

    SendCommand.append(temp%256);  //加入计算的crc值
    SendCommand.append(temp/256);

    ui->textEdit_2->append("发送报文"+SendCommand.toHex().toUpper());
    serialPort->write(SendCommand);

    timer.isActive();
    timer.start(2000);   // 2 s 后触发超时

    qDebug() << "SenOk" <<sendData;
    break;
    }

    case 3:
    {
        QString sendData = ui->lineEdit->text().trimmed();
        if (sendData.isEmpty())
        {
            QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请输入完整的寄存器数据");
            return;
        }

        QStringList sl = sendData.split(',');
        QVector<quint16> values;
        bool ok;
        for (const QString &s : sl)
        {
            quint16 v = s.toUShort(&ok, 16);
            if (!ok)
            {
                QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请输入正确的十六进制值,或检查逗号是否是英文格式！");
                return;
            }
            values.append(v);
        }

        QByteArray SendCommand;  //要发送的报文
        SendCommand.append(ui->comboBox_stationAddress->currentText().toInt()%256);  //加入站地址
        SendCommand.append(0x10);
        SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_stratAddress->text().toInt()/256);  //加入起始地址
        SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_stratAddress->text().toInt()%256);
        SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt()/256);        //加入长度
        SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt()%256);
        SendCommand.append(static_cast<char>(values.size() * 2));
        for (quint16 v : values)
        {
            SendCommand.append(static_cast<char>((v >> 8) & 0xFF));
            SendCommand.append(static_cast<char>(v & 0xFF));
        }

        quint16 temp = calculateCrc(SendCommand);  //计算crc

        SendCommand.append(temp%256);  //加入计算的crc值
        SendCommand.append(temp/256);

        ui->textEdit_2->append("发送报文"+SendCommand.toHex().toUpper());
        serialPort->write(SendCommand);

        timer.isActive();
        timer.start(2000);   // 2 s 后触发超时

        qDebug() << "SenOk" <<sendData;
        break;
    }
    default:
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请将“操作”切换为写线圈或写寄存器");
        break;
    }

    }
}

//处理回复报文
void Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead()
{
    timer.stop();

    QByteArray revMessage = serialPort->readAll();
    QString hexData = revMessage.toHex().toUpper();
    qDebug() << hexData;
    ui->textEdit_2->append("接收报文"+hexData);

    //首先对接收报文的长度进行检验
    if (revMessage.size() < 3) {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "警告", "无效的响应格式");
        qDebug() << "响应报文过短，长度 =" << revMessage.size();
        return;
    }

    //对接收的报文进行CRC校验
    QByteArray payload = revMessage.left(revMessage.length() - 2);

    //分离接收值的crc校验位
    quint8 receivedCrcLow = static_cast<quint8>(revMessage.at(revMessage.length() - 2));
    quint8 receivedCrcHigh = static_cast<quint8>(revMessage.at(revMessage.length() - 1));

    //计算返回的报文的crc
    quint16 crc = calculateCrc(payload);
    quint8 calcCrcLow = crc & 0xFF;
    quint8 calcCrcHigh = (crc >> 8) & 0xFF;

    //比较计算的crc值和接收到的crc值是否一致
    if(calcCrcLow == receivedCrcLow && calcCrcHigh == receivedCrcHigh)
    {
        qDebug() << "接收成功";
        if ((revMessage.at(1) & 0x80) == 0x80) {
            // MODBUS异常响应结构：地址 | 功能码+0x80 | 异常码 | CRC
            quint8 originalFunctionCode = revMessage.at(1) & 0x7F; // 去掉最高位
            quint8 exCode = revMessage.at(2);

            QString errorMsg;
            switch (exCode) {
                case 0x01: errorMsg = "非法功能码"; break;
                case 0x02: errorMsg = "非法数据地址"; break;
                case 0x03: errorMsg = "非法数据值"; break;
                case 0x04: errorMsg = "从站设备故障"; break;
                case 0x05: errorMsg = "确认"; break;
                case 0x06: errorMsg = "从站设备忙"; break;
                case 0x07: errorMsg = "负确认"; break;
                case 0x08: errorMsg = "存储奇偶错误"; break;
                default: errorMsg = "未知异常"; break;
            }

            QMessageBox::warning(this, "异常响应",
                QString("功能码 0x%1 异常\n错误码: 0x%2 (%3)")
                    .arg(QString::number(originalFunctionCode, 16).toUpper())
                    .arg(QString::number(exCode, 16).toUpper().rightJustified(2, '0'))
                    .arg(errorMsg));

            return;
        }

        switch (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex())
        {
        //解析读线圈的返回报文
        case 0:
        {
            quint8 byteCount = static_cast<quint8>(revMessage[2]);

            for (int byteIndex = 0; byteIndex < byteCount; byteIndex++)
            {
                quint8 byteValue = static_cast<quint8>(revMessage[3 + byteIndex]);

                // 解析每个字节的8个位
                for (int bitIndex = 0; bitIndex < 8; bitIndex++)
                {
                    int coilIndex = byteIndex * 8 + bitIndex;
                    if (coilIndex < ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt())
                    {
                        bool state = byteValue & (1 << bitIndex);
                        qDebug() << coilIndex <<" " << state;
                        ui->textEdit->append("线圈"+QString::number(coilIndex+1)+":"+QString::number(state));
                    }
                }
            }
            break;
        }
        //解析读寄存器的返回报文
        case 1:
        {
            if (revMessage.size() >= 5 && revMessage.at(1) == 0x03)
            {
                int byteCount = revMessage.at(2);
                QByteArray data = revMessage.mid(3, byteCount);

                QVector<quint16> registers;
                for (int i = 0; i < data.size(); i += 2)
                {
                    quint16 value = (static_cast<quint8>(data[i]) << 8) | static_cast<quint8>(data[i+1]);
                    registers.append(value);
                }

                for (int i = 0; i < registers.size(); i++)
                {
                    qDebug() << "Register value:" << registers.at(i);
                    ui->textEdit->append("寄存器"+QString::number(i)+":"+QString::number(registers.at(i)));
                }
            }
            break;
        }

        }
    }
    else
    {
        qDebug() << "接收失败";
    }
}

//发送读线圈和寄存器报文
void Widget::on_btn_read_clicked()
{
    if (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 2 ||
            ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 3)
    {
        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请将“操作”切换为读线圈或读寄存器");
        return;
    }
    QByteArray SendCommand;  //要发送的报文
    SendCommand.append(ui->comboBox_stationAddress->currentText().toInt()%256);  //加入站地址
    if (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 0)  //读线圈
    {
        SendCommand.append(0x01);
    }
    else if(ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 1)  //读寄存器
    {
        SendCommand.append(0x03);
    }
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_stratAddress->text().toInt()/256);  //加入起始地址
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_stratAddress->text().toInt()%256);
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt()/256);        //加入长度
    SendCommand.append(ui->lineEdit_length->text().toInt()%256);

    quint16 temp = calculateCrc(SendCommand);  //计算crc

    SendCommand.append(temp%256);  //加入计算的crc值
    SendCommand.append(temp/256);

    qDebug() << SendCommand.toHex();
    ui->textEdit_2->append("发送报文"+SendCommand.toHex().toUpper());
    serialPort->write(SendCommand);  //发送报文

    timer.isActive();
    timer.start(2000);   // 2 s 后触发超时
}