异常处理

modbus.pro.user

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE QtCreatorProject>
-<!-- Written by QtCreator 4.0.3, 2025-07-24T14:53:28. -->
+<!-- Written by QtCreator 4.0.3, 2025-07-25T10:54:01. -->
 <qtcreator>
  <data>
   <variable>EnvironmentId</variable>

widget.cpp

@@ -17,11 +17,18 @@ Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent) :
     serialPort = new QSerialPort(this);
 
     connect(serialPort,&QSerialPort::readyRead,this,&Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead);
+    QObject::connect(&timer, &QTimer::timeout, [&]{
+        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "等待响应超时，请检查设备状态。");
+        timer.stop();
+    });
 
     ui->comboBox_baudRate->setCurrentIndex(3);
     ui->comboBox_dataBit->setCurrentIndex(3);
     ui->comboBox_xiaoyan->setCurrentIndex(2);
 
+    ui->btn_read->setEnabled(0);
+    ui->pushWrite->setEnabled(0);
+
     QList<QSerialPortInfo> serialList = QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts();
     for(QSerialPortInfo serialInfo : serialList)
     {
@@ -34,6 +41,7 @@ Widget::~Widget()
     delete ui;
 }
 
+//串口连接
 void Widget::on_btnConnect_clicked()
 {
     if (ui->btnConnect->text() == "连接")
@@ -63,6 +71,8 @@ void Widget::on_btnConnect_clicked()
         {
             qDebug() << "Serial open success";
             ui->btnConnect->setText("断开");
+            ui->btn_read->setEnabled(1);
+            ui->pushWrite->setEnabled(1);
         }
         else
         {
@@ -72,21 +82,27 @@ void Widget::on_btnConnect_clicked()
     else
     {
         serialPort->close();
+        ui->btn_read->setEnabled(0);
+        ui->pushWrite->setEnabled(0);
         qDebug() << "Serial close";
         ui->btnConnect->setText("连接");
     }
 
 }
 
+//写线圈和写寄存器
 void Widget::on_pushWrite_clicked()
 {
     switch (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex())
     {
-    case (2):   //写多个线圈
+    case 2:   //写多个线圈
     {
     QString sendData = ui->lineEdit->text().trimmed();
-    if (sendData.isEmpty()) return;
-
+    if (sendData.isEmpty())
+    {
+        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请至少输入一个数据，缺少的数据默认为0");
+        return;
+    }
     for (QChar ch : sendData) {
         if (ch != '0' && ch != '1') {
             QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "只允许输入 0 或 1！");
@@ -131,13 +147,24 @@ void Widget::on_pushWrite_clicked()
     SendCommand.append(temp%256);  //加入计算的crc值
     SendCommand.append(temp/256);
 
+    ui->textEdit_2->append("发送报文"+SendCommand.toHex().toUpper());
     serialPort->write(SendCommand);
+
+    timer.isActive();
+    timer.start(2000);   // 2 s 后触发超时
+
     qDebug() << "SenOk" <<sendData;
+    break;
     }
+
     case 3:
     {
         QString sendData = ui->lineEdit->text().trimmed();
-        if (sendData.isEmpty()) return;
+        if (sendData.isEmpty())
+        {
+            QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请输入完整的寄存器数据");
+            return;
+        }
 
         QStringList sl = sendData.split(',');
         QVector<quint16> values;
@@ -147,7 +174,7 @@ void Widget::on_pushWrite_clicked()
             quint16 v = s.toUShort(&ok, 16);
             if (!ok)
             {
-                QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请输入正确的十六进制值！");
+                QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请输入正确的十六进制值,或检查逗号是否是英文格式！");
                 return;
             }
             values.append(v);
@@ -172,20 +199,40 @@ void Widget::on_pushWrite_clicked()
         SendCommand.append(temp%256);  //加入计算的crc值
         SendCommand.append(temp/256);
 
+        ui->textEdit_2->append("发送报文"+SendCommand.toHex().toUpper());
         serialPort->write(SendCommand);
+
+        timer.isActive();
+        timer.start(2000);   // 2 s 后触发超时
+
         qDebug() << "SenOk" <<sendData;
+        break;
+    }
+    default:
+    {
+        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请将“操作”切换为写线圈或写寄存器");
+        break;
     }
 
     }
 }
 
-
+//处理回复报文
 void Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead()
 {
+    timer.stop();
+
     QByteArray revMessage = serialPort->readAll();
     QString hexData = revMessage.toHex().toUpper();
     qDebug() << hexData;
-    ui->textEdit->append(hexData);
+    ui->textEdit_2->append("接收报文"+hexData);
+
+    //首先对接收报文的长度进行检验
+    if (revMessage.size() < 3) {
+        QMessageBox::warning(this, "警告", "无效的响应格式");
+        qDebug() << "响应报文过短，长度 =" << revMessage.size();
+        return;
+    }
 
     //对接收的报文进行CRC校验
     QByteArray payload = revMessage.left(revMessage.length() - 2);
@@ -203,6 +250,33 @@ void Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead()
     if(calcCrcLow == receivedCrcLow && calcCrcHigh == receivedCrcHigh)
     {
         qDebug() << "接收成功";
+        if ((revMessage.at(1) & 0x80) == 0x80) {
+            // MODBUS异常响应结构：地址 | 功能码+0x80 | 异常码 | CRC
+            quint8 originalFunctionCode = revMessage.at(1) & 0x7F; // 去掉最高位
+            quint8 exCode = revMessage.at(2);
+
+            QString errorMsg;
+            switch (exCode) {
+                case 0x01: errorMsg = "非法功能码"; break;
+                case 0x02: errorMsg = "非法数据地址"; break;
+                case 0x03: errorMsg = "非法数据值"; break;
+                case 0x04: errorMsg = "从站设备故障"; break;
+                case 0x05: errorMsg = "确认"; break;
+                case 0x06: errorMsg = "从站设备忙"; break;
+                case 0x07: errorMsg = "负确认"; break;
+                case 0x08: errorMsg = "存储奇偶错误"; break;
+                default: errorMsg = "未知异常"; break;
+            }
+
+            QMessageBox::warning(this, "异常响应",
+                QString("功能码 0x%1 异常\n错误码: 0x%2 (%3)")
+                    .arg(QString::number(originalFunctionCode, 16).toUpper())
+                    .arg(QString::number(exCode, 16).toUpper().rightJustified(2, '0'))
+                    .arg(errorMsg));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
         switch (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex())
         {
         //解析读线圈的返回报文
@@ -251,17 +325,6 @@ void Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead()
             }
             break;
         }
-        case 2:
-        {
-
-            if (revMessage.at(1) == '\x8f')
-            {
-                quint8 exCode = revMessage.at(2);
-                qDebug() << "异常响应，异常码 =" << exCode;
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-
 
         }
     }
@@ -274,6 +337,12 @@ void Widget::on_SerialData_ReadyToRead()
 //发送读线圈和寄存器报文
 void Widget::on_btn_read_clicked()
 {
+    if (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 2 ||
+            ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 3)
+    {
+        QMessageBox::warning(this, "提示", "请将“操作”切换为读线圈或读寄存器");
+        return;
+    }
     QByteArray SendCommand;  //要发送的报文
     SendCommand.append(ui->comboBox_stationAddress->currentText().toInt()%256);  //加入站地址
     if (ui->comboBox_gongnengma->currentIndex() == 0)  //读线圈
@@ -295,5 +364,9 @@ void Widget::on_btn_read_clicked()
     SendCommand.append(temp/256);
 
     qDebug() << SendCommand.toHex();
+    ui->textEdit_2->append("发送报文"+SendCommand.toHex().toUpper());
     serialPort->write(SendCommand);  //发送报文
+
+    timer.isActive();
+    timer.start(2000);   // 2 s 后触发超时
 }

widget.h

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 
 #include <QSerialPort>
 #include <QWidget>
+#include <QTimer>
 
 namespace Ui {
 class Widget;
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@ private slots:
 private:
     Ui::Widget *ui;
     QSerialPort *serialPort;
+    QTimer timer;
 };
 
 #endif // WIDGET_H

widget.ui

@@ -224,8 +224,8 @@
   <widget class="QLineEdit" name="lineEdit">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
-     <x>340</x>
-     <y>250</y>
+     <x>330</x>
+     <y>410</y>
      <width>301</width>
      <height>31</height>
     </rect>
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@
   <widget class="QPushButton" name="pushWrite">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
-     <x>340</x>
-     <y>290</y>
+     <x>330</x>
+     <y>460</y>
      <width>93</width>
      <height>28</height>
     </rect>
@@ -248,9 +248,9 @@
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
      <x>40</x>
-     <y>170</y>
+     <y>230</y>
      <width>251</width>
-     <height>271</height>
+     <height>211</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
   </widget>
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@
     <item>
      <widget class="QLabel" name="label_10">
       <property name="text">
-       <string>对象</string>
+       <string>操作</string>
       </property>
      </widget>
     </item>
@@ -397,17 +397,27 @@
   <widget class="QLabel" name="label_13">
    <property name="geometry">
     <rect>
-     <x>340</x>
-     <y>160</y>
+     <x>330</x>
+     <y>300</y>
      <width>311</width>
-     <height>91</height>
+     <height>101</height>
     </rect>
    </property>
    <property name="text">
-    <string>写线圈时，使用1、0代表线圈的开关，
+    <string>写线圈时，使用1、0代表线圈的开关状态，
 从左到右依次输入每个线圈的开关；
-写寄存器时，每个寄存器的值用16进制表示，
-相邻寄存器的值之间用&quot;,&quot;分离。</string>
+写寄存器时要写入所有寄存器的16进制数值，
+相邻寄存器的值之间用英文&quot;,&quot;分离。</string>
+   </property>
+  </widget>
+  <widget class="QTextEdit" name="textEdit_2">
+   <property name="geometry">
+    <rect>
+     <x>40</x>
+     <y>150</y>
+     <width>671</width>
+     <height>61</height>
+    </rect>
    </property>
   </widget>
  </widget>